The dutch versus iberia in asia, africa and the new world, 15901609 peter c. The dutch revolt and catholic exile in reformation europe. By 1618 the start of the thirty years war no catholic country saw spain as a useful ally. His successor, philip ii did not and he was also not a burgundian. It is also important to consider whether the revolt was supported and carried out by all parts of dutch society. Aims to understand the key causes of the dutch revolt evaluate the amount of blame which can be attributed to philip ii 2.
The economic crisis whichenveloped the region in 1565 was a potent secondary cause, leading as itdid to unemployment, poverty and discontent. The war was fought between 1568 and 1648 against spain, and saw the birth of the netherlands as a seperate and independent nation at the end. Although resistance to spanish government came slowly, the netherlanders were united in their desire for religious tolerance, finding an ally in the newly protestant england. Up to his abdication in 1555, the area was run by charles v and for all his faults especially his financial burdening of the region with regards to taxes he was a burgundian and he spoke flemish. The dutch revolt of the sixteenth century sparked one of the largest refugee crises of reformation europe. The area concerned was part of the habsburg empire and known as the spanish netherlands. Eighty years war simple english wikipedia, the free. Initial financial difficulties origins of the revolt the statesgeneral refused philips request for a 1% tax on real estate and 2% tax on movables, claiming they already contributed over 7 million flemish pounds towards his wars in northern italy and france. Dutch economy while exports declined nearly 25% due to a sharp contraction in world demand. The article is a bit too much written from a modern dutch point of view. Oct 30, 2014 a 4 minute summary of the problems leading to the start of the dutch revolt.
Free essays on the dutch revolt through essay depot. Dutch revolt determined to make an example of the mostly protestant dutch rebels. The eighty years war, or dutch revolt, was the war of secession between the netherlands and the spanish king. Culture and history of the low countries 15001700 university college london. He t schrijve n va n synthetisch e overzichtswerke n i s nie t ee n bezigheid, waari n d e nederlands e historicu s excelleert.
The northern provinces the netherlands eventually separated from the southern provinces presentday belgium and luxembourg, which continued under habsburg spain until 1714. Published between 15701590 these texts exemplify the development of the political ideas that motivated and legitimated resistance to philip ii. The dutch revolt against spanish rule in the sixteenth century was a formative event in european history. This book explores the flight, exile and eventual return of catholic men and women during. The first book to offer an in depth look at hidden holland and the fascinating people that live there, why the dutch are different is an entertaining book about a country unlike any other. As i have laboured on this work i have more and more become convinced that both the revolt, and the. Philip ii of spain duke of alva margaret of parma william of orange 7. Catholic earl of northumberland who was one of the northern earls who revolted.
The belgians themselves spoke two languages walloon french and flemish close to dutch. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Parker draws extensively on a largely dutch and belgian secondary literature unavailable to english speaking readers. Jul 03, 20 to what extent was the dutch revolt a political conflict. Dunthorne, hugh, 1993, the dutch revolt in english political culture 15851660, in theo hermans and reinier salverda eds. The dutch revolt by martin van gelderen, hardcover.
The dutch revolt has been seen through the prism of religion, nation state politics, republican freedoms. This is the best history ever written about the dutch revolt a series of upheavals from 1568 to 1648 which led to the independent united provinces. The eighty years war, also called dutch revolt, was a war between the netherlands and spain. Aug 27, 2015 the dutch revolt was a revolt in the northern parts of the 15th and 16th century netherlands back then this included current belgium and luxembourg sparked by religious differences. Mar 16, 2015 the revolt of the spanish netherlands led to the collapse of spain as a major european power. Revolution has the dutch independence war, known to the locals as the tachtigjarige oorlog as its main theme. History of the netherlands the dutch revolt, 15721609. The dutch revolt was political in that many believed that the dutch way of life was being changed for the worse.
The dutch revolt 15681648 was the revolt in the low countries against the rule of the habsburg king philip ii of spain, hereditary ruler of the provinces. I wish to acknowledge the great assistance andrew sawyer has given in respect of the prints. The congress of vienna the revolutions of 1830 and 1848. This epic struggle lasted from 1568 until 1648 and eventually brought independence to holland and the northern provinces. The causes of the dutch revolt and the ensuing eighty years war, considered to have started in june 1568, were a number of incidents and frictions had accumulated between the dutch provinces and their habsburg overlord. A major new english language edition of five central texts in the history of the political thought of the dutch revolt, originally published between 15701590, which exemplified the development of the political ideas that motivated and legitimated resistance to philip ii. The eighty years war and the creation of the netherlands duration. The dutch revolt by martin van gelderen, hardcover barnes. The origins and development of the dutch revolt brings together in one volume the latest scholarship from leading experts in the field, to illuminate why the dutch revolted, the way events unfolded and how they gained independence. Success, failure, and perseverance of the dutch economy, 15001815, cambridge. The dutch revolt of the sixteenth century sparked one of the largest refugeecrisesofreformationeurope. History earlymodern history 1500 1750 history earlymodern history 1500 1750 empires and colonialism.
The netherlands are a tiny nation that punch above their weight on the world stage, where prostitutes are entitled to sick pay and prisons are closing due to. The dutch revolt was a revolt in the northern parts of the 15th and 16th century netherlands back then this included current belgium and luxembourg sparked by religious differences. The revolt of the netherlands against spanish rule, also known as the eighty years war, is traditionally said to have begun in june 1568, when the spanish executed counts egmont and horne in brussels. It lasted from 1568 to 1648 during the war, the dutch republic became a world power for a short time mainly through its naval strength and experienced a period of unprecedented economical, scientific and cultural growth. Exiles and the politics of reintegration in the dutch revolt. The origins and development of the dutch revolt, 2001.
Select documents for the reformation and the revolt of the low countries, 15551609. Dutch empiredutch revolt wikibooks, open books for an. Summary of dutch revolt causes linkedin slideshare. The netherlands before the war was a much larger area than the dutch republic or even the presentday netherlands.
The eighty years war, or dutch revolt, was the secession war in which the protonetherlands first became an independent country. Eighty years war, 15681648, the war of netherlands independence from spain, which led to the separation of the northern and southern netherlands and to the formation of the united provinces of the netherlands the dutch republic. Often thought to be a series of uprisings rather than a single revolution, the dutch revolt saw the netherlands breaking away from the domination of spain, with its monarchy and landed nobility. The years of the revolt have been at times disputed but many historians see the conflict lasting from 1566 to 1648, because of that length of time it has also called the eighty years war.
Although resistance to spanish government came slowly, the netherlanders were united in their desire for religious tolerance, finding an ally in the. Written by a well known expert on early modern europe, the dutch revolt provides the relevant background detail, essential narrative, and analysis needed to understand the major features of the dutch rebellion. The english and dutch referred to the inheritance tax. Unit 2 revolt of the netherlands flashcards quizlet. The dutch revolt revolution alvas repression 1567 1573 philips repression of religious reform raised public feeling to boilingpoint. In 1568 william of orange, in his proclamation to the people of the netherlands, stated that they had always been ruled in accordance with their freedoms, rights, customs, traditions and privileges and that they only had to. The revolt of the spanish netherlands history learning site. The political thought of the dutch revolt, 15551590. After all, the war that finally gained the seven northern provinces their independence took a complete epoch, ending only with. In an attempt to encourage the people to revolt against spain, william converted to calvinism, as the calvinists wanted above all other religions, to revolt. The seventeen provinces of the low countries were acquired by the hasburgs through marriage in 1477 but were still infested with independent lordships right up until the 17th century and were divided between. To what extent was the dutch revolt a political conflict. The response edit the rebellion was still limited to what, in the burgundianhabsburg netherlands, were.
Spanish duke stationed in the netherlands and involved in the spanish armada. From 1566 to 1585, the dutch fought a revolt against king philip ii of spain that eventually resulted in the newly independent nation of the netherlands. With papal support, alba installed a special tribunal the. This is a major new englishlanguage edition of five central texts in the history of the political thought of the dutch revolt.
Pdf the dutch revolt and catholic exile in reformation. The article is a bit too much written from a moderndutch point of view. Alastair duke in order to extend the range of sources available for the revolt of the netherlands. This was a massive empire for the time, and in the sixteenth century postal services werent too hot. The first phase of the war began with two unsuccessful invasions of the provinces by mercenary armies under prince william i of orange. In 1568 a revolt began in the low countries against the habsburg empire. This was europes first republic which survived until the french revolution. To what extent can philip ii be blamed for the dutch revolt. Gcse history elizabethan age, 15581603 revision and exam. Low philip dispatched the and an duke of alba army of 10k to suppress the revolt.
Siege money of the dutch revolt pages 1 15 text version. The first phase of the war began with two unsuccessful invasions. In the south, the revolt was less successful and belgium did not emerge as an independent state until after the napoleonic era. The dutch revolt lasted longer than any other uprising in modern european historyfrom the iconoclastic fury in august 1566 to the peace of munster in january 1648. The dutch revolt or the revolt of the netherlands as it is also known as, started in 1566 and carried on until the early 17th century. Dutch revolt 1 dutch revolt the dutch revolt or the revolt of the netherlands 1566 or 156816091 was the partially successful revolt of the protestant seventeen provinces of the defunct duchy of burgundy in the low countries against the ardent militant religious policies of roman catholicism pressed by both charles i and son phillip ii of spanish empire. It lasted from 1568 to 1648 but was interrupted by a truce between 1609 and 1621. The aim of this article is not to give an overview of events during the dutch revolt, but to provide some alternative analyses.
The tensions that led to open revolt, however, had much earlier origins. Pdf the dutch revolt and catholic exile in reformation europe. The dutch revolt simulates the eighty years war between spain and the netherlands. The origins and development of the dutch revolt, ed. Out of the myth of the french revolution how much out of its reality is a different question there took shape a generally accepted definithis paper was presented in slightly different form to a conference on revolu. When considering this question it is also key to consider who it was that was actually revolting and who or what they were revolting against. The documents offered here have been selected by dr. The netherlands achieved independence in the eighty years war. The book explores affi nities between the dutch revolt and the british civil wars of the seventeenth century the fi rst major challenges to.
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